《源泉》是一部由King Vidor执导，Gary Cooper / Patricia Neal主演的一部剧情类型的电影，特精心从网络上整理的一些观众的观后感，希望对大家能有帮助。

　　《源泉》精选点评：

　　●那么动人的一本书在这里变成了一个庸俗的爱情故事。BTW: Dominique还真是Ayn Rand Clone.

　　●缘分 女主服装不错 主要看建筑风格 发现故事还行

　　●自翻的第六部，职业片，西装革履的Coop，前1/3就是标准晋江糙汉×大小姐的剧情，后面的剧情走向跟我想象有很大的差距，整体还可以吧，恶评如潮的是为何

　　●唉，小的时候怎么会喜欢上这部小说呢？拍成电影之后简直更烂了。

　　●3.6 前半段看睡两次……内容比较乏味，后半段精彩，法庭辩驳尤为，黄金时代大烂片不至于，因为没读过原著对内容理解影响很大

　　●要把700页的小说浓缩成2小时的电影，确实比较困难。省略了很多内容但故事还算很完整，选择的场景和对话都非常精准完整地表现了几位主要角色。Gary Cooper外表并不是我期望的Howard Roark，太硬汉但表演中规中矩。Patricia Neal真是美艳啊，胸大腰细腿长的金发美女。

　　●不翻墙毛都看不到！ 没看过书的话，电影基本看不出书里要表达的意思；看过书再看电影，也只是回忆书里的感觉，基本上电影就是个话题的引子。 拍成个连续剧恐怕还有可能表达出来一些书里的意思，或许…… 个人评价几个重要的角色演员都不是那个范，尤其是中老年的洛克！

　　●对901页的书，电影选取了洛克的几项重大建筑设计贯穿剧情。画面忠实地再现原著情感，如多米尼克在采石场遇见洛克的心理刻画；洛克与华纳德在办公室第一次见面的场景；结局时多米尼克作为洛克夫人，搭着简陋的升降机离地而上向，以摩天大楼城市为背景，仰望着越来越近的挥着手的洛克……还原得令人感动

　　●整一部Ayn Rand哲学理念的宣传片。符号化意图太明显，完全感受不到人性的复杂。剧情台词夸张雷人、不切实际，特别是最后Howard在法庭上为自己辩护的那段，简直是Rand附体。

　　●还是书好一点

　　《源泉》观后感(一)：什么样的根源？

　　The Fountainhead 是部50年代美国华纳电影。男主角是建筑师，主要内容就是建筑师盖房子。这一下子，就让这部电影和其他同样以建筑师为主角，但是却与建筑师最主要的生活毫无干系的那些电影区分开来。建筑师这个幌子，在那些电影里，成为小资中产的一个符号，失去了本来的内容。

　　电影主要是讲大约现代主义刚要在美国兴起的那时候，照理说，该是20世纪初期吧。导演挺明白建筑师的，我觉得。电影其实主要是讲建筑师和客户，建筑师和社会大众或大众舆论之间的博弈。建筑师，客户，大众-媒体，这就构成了建筑师社会实践在“文化”层面上的三分格局。

　　JT说这是最好的也是最坏的建筑电影。照我的理解，最好，大概是对于建筑师与客户与大众及媒体之间的关系表现得非常到位，并且对建筑师那种“坚持”作为一种美德的充分展示，还有大众如何地对现代主义那年头的新鲜玩艺儿的抵触和不接受，客户的古典符号的情节......一恍惚，我还以为是讲90年代中国呢。说它最坏，大概是那种对个人英雄主义的极端崇拜和推崇，这个，的确是现代主义成也萧何败也萧何的重要因素。不过，我以为，话说回来，在当时的情况下，如若不依靠点英雄主义作风，现代主义估计早就死在大众的唾沫里了。这和当代中国的明星制，又有几分相似吧。

　　电影一开头是从一个建筑设计手绘透视的镜头开始的，就是那年头常见的那种现代主义的手绘，这让我一下子就喜欢上了这电影，一个多么建筑的直接了当。

　　《源泉》观后感(二)：逻辑问题

　　娱乐角度讲，比中文版的书好一点。

　　思想性上讲，难道洛克最后的自辩，不也适用于所有犯罪——所有行为吗？

　　您能不能炸楼，当然能，您也炸了，问题是您plea的是什么？是自己不被惩罚，是自己所做所为的正义性，由谁判断？由陪审团——其他人。

　　让我们往回倒一下，洛克炸楼的依据是什么？我不要管其他人是怎么想的——不管他们是不是因为楼被炸了而不爽，也不管这楼是不是state建的福利房，我不需要管你们怎么想，所以我炸了。

　　好的，我接受你的看法，那我请问你plea什么？你为什么要陈词呢？

　　你可以说我不接受你们的审判，你们无权对我进行审判，而且你必须仅仅主张这一点，而不可以说：根据你们的法律，我无罪，或者你们没有遵循这个国家建立时所声称的理念——法律是由collectives订立的呀，既然你否认了法律，又怎么可以接受有罪或无罪的判决呢？当听到你无罪的结果时，我明明看到你松了一口气呀，你满心欢喜地拥抱了人民陪审员代表千万群氓作出的判决啊洛克先生。

　　你所解释的创造者和寄生虫分割法，不是你希望其他人相信——他们应该是一个什么样子的吗，那么conformists和大佬们希望在城市里看到什么样的建筑一样，这...原谅我说一句...这有有区别吗？你一番慷慨激昂的演讲，和The Banner以及托黑对人群的煽动，完全是同一种行为呀！最后当你接受wynard的委托：“盖一栋最牛逼的摩天楼”，于是你就站在那楼顶吹着风，这件事...按照您的哲学，又到底该归类于独立自决还是屈从他人的意愿呢？我没有恶意，但细细推敲一下您的理念和您的行为，总禁不住感觉，哪里有点不对，好像有东西没向我解释清楚。

　　《源泉》观后感(三)：末尾又搞这一套了

　　法官 ， 一个看起来独木难支的被告

　　洋洋洒洒地长篇大论一番，跟初中要写的“一屋不扫 可以安天下”的议论文似的

　　美国的爱国教育真是不掉了，自由 民主

　　《暗杀肯尼迪》 、《杀死一只知更鸟》

　　最后都有这么一段

　　1480

　　01:38:51,525 --> 01:38:54,790

　　- Take the oath.

　　- Do you swear to tell the truth...

　　1481

　　01:38:54,962 --> 01:38:56,623

　　...the whole truth and nothing

　　ut the truth...

　　1482

　　01:38:56,797 --> 01:38:58,492

　　...so help you God？

　　- I do.

　　1483

　　01:39:01,635 --> 01:39:05,366

　　Thousands of years ago the first man

　　discovered how to make fire.

　　1484

　　01:39:05,539 --> 01:39:08,770

　　He was probably burned at the stake,

　　he taught his brothers to light.

　　1485

　　01:39:08,943 --> 01:39:11,241

　　ut he left them a gift

　　they had not conceived.

　　1486

　　01:39:11,412 --> 01:39:13,243

　　And he lifted darkness

　　off the earth.

　　1487

　　01:39:14,014 --> 01:39:18,212

　　Throughout the centuries, there were men

　　who took first steps down new roads...

　　1488

　　01:39:18,385 --> 01:39:20,819

　　...armed with nothing

　　ut their own vision.

　　1489

　　01:39:21,322 --> 01:39:25,122

　　The great creators, the thinkers, the artists,

　　the scientists, the inventors...

　　1490

　　01:39:25,292 --> 01:39:27,385

　　...stood alone against

　　the men of their time.

　　1491

　　01:39:27,561 --> 01:39:29,961

　　Every new thought was opposed...

　　1492

　　01:39:30,130 --> 01:39:32,826

　　...every new invention was denounced...

　　1493

　　01:39:33,000 --> 01:39:36,231

　　...but the men of unborrowed vision

　　went ahead.

　　1494

　　01:39:36,403 --> 01:39:40,134

　　They fought, they suffered

　　and they paid, but they won.

　　1495

　　01:39:40,741 --> 01:39:45,701

　　o creator was prompted by a desire

　　to please his brothers.

　　1496

　　01:39:45,879 --> 01:39:47,938

　　His brothers hated

　　the gift he offered.

　　1497

　　01:39:48,415 --> 01:39:51,043

　　His truth was his only motive.

　　1498

　　01:39:51,218 --> 01:39:54,278

　　His work was his only goal.

　　1499

　　01:39:54,555 --> 01:39:57,353

　　His work, not those who used it...

　　1500

　　01:39:57,524 --> 01:40:01,051

　　...his creation, not the benefits

　　others derived from it...

　　1501

　　01:40:01,228 --> 01:40:03,753

　　...the creation which gave form

　　to his truth.

　　1502

　　01:40:04,331 --> 01:40:08,324

　　He held his truth above all things

　　and against all men.

　　1503

　　01:40:09,636 --> 01:40:12,969

　　He went ahead whether others agreed

　　with him or not...

　　1504

　　01:40:13,140 --> 01:40:16,473

　　...with his integrity as his only banner.

　　1505

　　01:40:16,643 --> 01:40:19,476

　　He served nothing and no one.

　　1506

　　01:40:19,646 --> 01:40:21,637

　　He lived for himself...

　　1507

　　01:40:22,716 --> 01:40:26,083

　　...and only by living for himself

　　was he able to achieve the things...

　　1508

　　01:40:26,253 --> 01:40:28,517

　　...which are the glory of mankind.

　　1509

　　01:40:28,689 --> 01:40:31,089

　　uch is the nature of achievement.

　　1510

　　01:40:31,925 --> 01:40:35,122

　　Man cannot survive,

　　except through his mind.

　　1511

　　01:40:35,295 --> 01:40:37,627

　　He comes on earth unarmed.

　　1512

　　01:40:37,798 --> 01:40:42,064

　　His brain is his only weapon, but the mind

　　is an attribute of the individual.

　　1513

　　01:40:42,269 --> 01:40:45,864

　　There is no such thing

　　as a collective brain.

　　1514

　　01:40:46,173 --> 01:40:49,870

　　The man who thinks

　　must think and act on his own.

　　1515

　　01:40:50,277 --> 01:40:54,577

　　The reasoning mind cannot work

　　under any form of compulsion.

　　1516

　　01:40:54,748 --> 01:41:00,414

　　It cannot be subordinated to the needs,

　　opinions, or wishes of others.

　　1517

　　01:41:00,587 --> 01:41:03,351

　　It is not an object of sacrifice.

　　1518

　　01:41:03,891 --> 01:41:07,486

　　The creator stands

　　on his own judgment.

　　1519

　　01:41:07,661 --> 01:41:11,620

　　The parasite follows

　　the opinions of others.

　　1520

　　01:41:11,799 --> 01:41:13,027

　　The creator thinks.

　　1521

　　01:41:13,634 --> 01:41:15,465

　　The parasite copies.

　　1522

　　01:41:15,903 --> 01:41:19,236

　　The creator produces.

　　The parasite loots.

　　1523

　　01:41:19,406 --> 01:41:22,864

　　The creator's concern

　　is the conquest of nature.

　　1524

　　01:41:23,043 --> 01:41:25,603

　　The parasite's concern

　　is the conquest of men.

　　1525

　　01:41:26,246 --> 01:41:30,307

　　The creator requires independence.

　　He neither serves nor rules.

　　1526

　　01:41:30,484 --> 01:41:33,851

　　He deals with men by free exchange

　　and voluntary choice.

　　1527

　　01:41:34,354 --> 01:41:36,345

　　The parasite seeks power.

　　1528

　　01:41:36,523 --> 01:41:39,959

　　He wants to bind all men together

　　in common action and common slavery.

　　1529

　　01:41:40,427 --> 01:41:44,454

　　He claims that man is only a tool

　　for the use of others...

　　1530

　　01:41:44,631 --> 01:41:47,225

　　...that he must think as they think

　　act as they act...

　　1531

　　01:41:47,401 --> 01:41:52,236

　　...and live in selfless, joyless servitude

　　to any need but his own.

　　1532

　　01:41:52,773 --> 01:41:54,035

　　Look at history.

　　1533

　　01:41:54,208 --> 01:41:56,972

　　Everything we have,

　　every great achievement...

　　1534

　　01:41:57,144 --> 01:42:01,137

　　...has come from the independent work

　　of some independent mind.

　　1535

　　01:42:01,548 --> 01:42:03,982

　　Every horror and destruction...

　　1536

　　01:42:04,151 --> 01:42:09,453

　　...came from attempts to force men

　　into a herd of brainless, soulless robots.

　　1537

　　01:42:09,623 --> 01:42:11,318

　　Without personal rights...

　　1538

　　01:42:11,492 --> 01:42:13,357

　　...without personal ambition...

　　1539

　　01:42:13,560 --> 01:42:15,994

　　...without will, hope or dignity.

　　1540

　　01:42:16,663 --> 01:42:18,358

　　It is an ancient conflict.

　　1541

　　01:42:18,532 --> 01:42:20,363

　　It has another name.

　　1542

　　01:42:20,534 --> 01:42:23,765

　　The individual

　　against the collective.

　　1543

　　01:42:25,139 --> 01:42:28,006

　　Our country, the noblest country

　　in the history of men...

　　1544

　　01:42:28,175 --> 01:42:30,302

　　...was based on the principle

　　of individualism.

　　1545

　　01:42:30,677 --> 01:42:33,771

　　The principle of man's

　　inalienable rights.

　　1546

　　01:42:34,781 --> 01:42:37,716

　　It was a country where a man was free

　　to seek his own happiness.

　　1547

　　01:42:37,885 --> 01:42:41,343

　　To gain and produce,

　　ot to give up and renounce.

　　1548

　　01:42:41,522 --> 01:42:44,514

　　To prosper, not to starve.

　　1549

　　01:42:44,691 --> 01:42:48,127

　　To achieve, not to plunder.

　　1550

　　01:42:48,662 --> 01:42:52,598

　　To hold as his highest possession

　　a sense of his personal value...

　　1551

　　01:42:52,766 --> 01:42:56,930

　　...and as his highest virtue

　　his self-respect.

　　1552

　　01:42:57,104 --> 01:42:58,969

　　Look at the results.

　　1553

　　01:42:59,139 --> 01:43:02,631

　　That is what the collectivists

　　are now asking you to destroy...

　　1554

　　01:43:02,809 --> 01:43:05,334

　　...as much of the earth

　　has been destroyed.

　　1555

　　01:43:06,680 --> 01:43:08,170

　　I am an architect.

　　1556

　　01:43:08,348 --> 01:43:11,511

　　I know what is to come

　　y the principle on which it is built.

　　1557

　　01:43:12,286 --> 01:43:15,983

　　We are approaching a world

　　in which I cannot permit myself to live.

　　1558

　　01:43:16,924 --> 01:43:18,949

　　My ideas are my property.

　　1559

　　01:43:19,126 --> 01:43:23,426

　　They were taken from me by force,

　　y breach of contract.

　　1560

　　01:43:23,597 --> 01:43:25,963

　　o appeal was left to me.

　　1561

　　01:43:26,266 --> 01:43:30,066

　　It was believed that my work belonged

　　to others to do with as they pleased.

　　1562

　　01:43:30,237 --> 01:43:32,933

　　They had a claim upon me

　　without my consent...

　　1563

　　01:43:33,106 --> 01:43:36,337

　　...that it was my duty to serve them

　　without choice or reward.

　　1564

　　01:43:36,977 --> 01:43:39,104

　　ow you know why

　　I dynamited Cortlandt.

　　1565

　　01:43:39,279 --> 01:43:40,746

　　I designed Cortlandt...

　　1566

　　01:43:40,914 --> 01:43:42,541

　　...I made it possible...

　　1567

　　01:43:42,716 --> 01:43:44,081

　　...I destroyed it.

　　1568

　　01:43:44,451 --> 01:43:48,410

　　I agreed to design it for the purpose

　　of seeing it built as I wished.

　　1569

　　01:43:48,589 --> 01:43:51,422

　　That was the price I set for my work.

　　1570

　　01:43:51,592 --> 01:43:52,889

　　I was not paid.

　　1571

　　01:43:53,260 --> 01:43:57,094

　　My building was disfigured at the whim of

　　others who took the benefits of my work...

　　1572

　　01:43:57,264 --> 01:43:59,027

　　...and gave me nothing in return.

　　1573

　　01:44:00,033 --> 01:44:02,297

　　I came here to say

　　that I do not recognize...

　　1574

　　01:44:02,469 --> 01:44:05,097

　　...anyone's right

　　to one minute of my life.

　　1575

　　01:44:05,272 --> 01:44:08,833

　　or to any part of my energy,

　　or to any achievement of mine.

　　1576

　　01:44:09,009 --> 01:44:10,408

　　o matter who makes the claim.

　　1577

　　01:44:11,144 --> 01:44:12,736

　　It had to be said.

　　1578

　　01:44:12,913 --> 01:44:15,746

　　The world is perishing

　　from an orgy of self-sacrificing.

　　1579

　　01:44:16,283 --> 01:44:18,183

　　I came here to be heard...

　　1580

　　01:44:18,352 --> 01:44:21,480

　　...in the name of every man

　　of independence still left in the world.

　　1581

　　01:44:21,888 --> 01:44:23,549

　　I wanted to state my terms.

　　1582

　　01:44:23,724 --> 01:44:26,591

　　I do not care to work

　　or live on any others.

　　1583

　　01:44:26,960 --> 01:44:29,520

　　My terms are a man's right...

　　1584

　　01:44:29,696 --> 01:44:32,494

　　...to exist for his own sake.

　　1585

　　01:44:41,441 --> 01:44:44,706

　　Further, you are instructed

　　that the extent of the monetary loss...

　　1586

　　01:44:44,878 --> 01:44:48,644

　　...suffered by the owners

　　is not a matter to be considered by you.

　　1587

　　01:44:48,815 --> 01:44:50,715

　　The liability of the defendant...

　　1588

　　01:44:50,884 --> 01:44:52,545

　　...for any financial loss...

　　1589

　　01:44:52,753 --> 01:44:56,154

　　...is a question to be determined

　　in a civil suit.

　　1590

　　01:44:56,323 --> 01:45:00,020

　　You are concerned here only

　　with a criminal action.

　　1591

　　01:45:00,560 --> 01:45:02,585

　　You are to determine

　　whether the defendant...

　　1592

　　01:45:02,763 --> 01:45:04,424

　　...is guilty or innocent...

　　1593

　　01:45:04,598 --> 01:45:08,034

　　...of the specific crime

　　with which he has been charged.

　　1594

　　01:45:08,435 --> 01:45:11,700

　　You are the exclusive judges

　　of the facts...

　　1595

　　01:45:11,872 --> 01:45:16,002

　　...and under the instructions I have given

　　you, it is your duty and your duty alone...

　　1596

　　01:45:16,176 --> 01:45:19,703

　　...to determine the guilt

　　or innocence of the accused.

　　1597

　　01:46:08,762 --> 01:46:10,457

　　Your Honor.

　　1598

　　01:46:28,548 --> 01:46:30,015

　　Foreman.

　　1599

　　01:46:30,183 --> 01:46:32,811

　　- Have you reached a verdict？

　　- We have, Your Honor.

　　1600

　　01:46:32,986 --> 01:46:35,819

　　The prisoner will rise

　　and face the jury.

　　1601

　　01:46:41,395 --> 01:46:42,760

　　What is your verdict？

　　1602

　　01:46:43,964 --> 01:46:45,192

　　ot guilty.

　　《源泉》观后感(四)：（不是影评）Roark在法庭上的自辩

　　（从电子版copy过来，请勿转播）

　　影片末尾的庭审环节，男主角复述了Ayn Rand “The Fountainhead”小说里Roark在法庭上的自辩——

Thousands of years ago, the first man discovered how to make fire. He was probably burned at the stake he had taught his brothers to light. He was considered an evildoer who had dealt with a demon mankind dreaded. But thereafter men had fire to keep them warm, to cook their food, to light their caves. He had left them a gift they had not conceived and he had lifted darkness off the earth. Centuries later, the first man invented the wheel. He was probably torn on the rack he had taught his brothers to build. He was considered a transgressor who ventured into forbidden territory. But thereafter, men could travel past any horizon. He had left them a gift they had not conceived and he had opened the roads of the world. "That man, the unsubmissive and first, stands in the opening chapter of every legend mankind has recorded about its beginning. Prometheus was chained to a rock and torn by vultures--because he had stolen the fire of the gods. Adam was condemned to suffer--because he had eaten the fruit of the tree of knowledge. Whatever the legend, somewhere in the shadows of its memory mankind knew that its glory began with one and that that one paid for his courage. "Throughout the centuries there were men who took first steps down new roads armed with nothing but their own vision. Their goals differed, but they all had this in common: that the step was first, the road new, the vision unborrowed, and the response they received--hatred. The great creators--the thinkers, the artists, the scientists, the inventors--stood alone against the men of their time. Every great new thought was opposed. Every great new invention was denounced. The first motor was considered foolish. The airplane was considered impossible. The power loom was considered vicious. Anesthesia was considered sinful. But the men of unborrowed vision went ahead. They fought, they suffered and they paid. But they won. "No creator was prompted by a desire to serve his brothers, for his brothers rejected the gift he offered and that gift destroyed the slothful routine of their lives. His truth was his only motive. His own truth, and his own work to achieve it in his own way. A symphony, a book, an engine, a philosophy, an airplane or a building--that was his goal and his life. Not those who heard, read, operated, believed, flew or inhabited the thing he had created. The creation, not its users. The creation, not the benefits others derived from it. The creation which gave form to his truth. He held his truth above all things and against all men. "His vision, his strength, his courage came from his own spirit. A man’s spirit, however, is his self. That entity which is his consciousness. To think, to feel, to judge, to act are functions of the ego. "The creators were not selfless. It is the whole secret of their power--that it was self-sufficient, self-motivated, self-generated. A first cause, a fount of energy, a life force, a Prime Mover. The creator served nothing and no one. He had lived for himself. "And only by living for himself was he able to achieve the things which are the glory of mankind. Such is the nature of achievement. "Man cannot survive except through his mind. He comes on earth unarmed. His brain is his only weapon. Animals obtain food by force. Man has no claws, no fangs, no horns, no great strength of muscle. He must plant his food or hunt it. To plant, he needs a process of thought. To hunt, he needs weapons, and to make weapons--a process of thought. From this simplest necessity to the highest religious abstraction, from the wheel to the skyscraper, everything we are and everything we have comes from a single attribute of man--the function of his reasoning mind."But the mind is an attribute of the individual. There is no such thing as a collective brain. There is no such thing as a collective thought. An agreement reached by a group of men is only a compromise or an average drawn upon many individual thoughts. It is a secondary consequence. The primary act--the process of reason--must be performed by each man alone. We can divide a meal among many men. We cannot digest it in a collective stomach. No man can use his lungs to breathe for another man. No man can use his brain to think for another. All the functions of body and spirit are private. They cannot be shared or transferred. "We inherit the products of the thought of other men. We inherit the wheel. We make a cart. The cart becomes an automobile. The automobile becomes an airplane. But all through the process what we receive from others is only the end product of their thinking. The moving force is the creative faculty which takes this product as material, uses it and originates the next step. This creative faculty cannot be given or received, shared or borrowed. It belongs to single, individual men. That which it creates is the property of the creator. Men learn from one another. But all learning is only the exchange of material. No man can give another the capacity to think. Yet that capacity is our only means of survival. "Nothing is given to man on earth. Everything he needs has to be produced. And here man faces his basic alternative: he can survive in only one of two ways--by the independent work of his own mind or as a parasite fed by the minds of others. The creator originates. The parasite borrows. The creator faces nature alone. The parasite faces nature through an intermediary. "The creator’s concern is the conquest of nature. The parasite’s concern is the conquest of men. "The creator lives for his work. He needs no other men. His primary goal is within himself. The parasite lives second-hand. He needs others. Others become his prime motive. "The basic need of the creator is independence. The reasoning mind cannot work under any form of compulsion. It cannot be curbed, sacrificed or subordinated to any consideration whatsoever. It demands total independence in function and in motive. To a creator, all relations with men are secondary. "The basic need of the second-hander is to secure his ties with men in order to be fed. He places relations first. He declares that man exists in order to serve others. He preaches altruism. "Altruism is the doctrine which demands that man live for others and place others above self. "No man can live for another. He cannot share his spirit just as he cannot share his body. But the second-hander has used altruism as a weapon of exploitation and reversed the base of mankind’s moral principles. Men have been taught every precept that destroys the creator. Men have been taught dependence as a virtue. "The man who attempts to live for others is a dependent. He is a parasite in motive and makes parasites of those he serves. The relationship produces nothing but mutual corruption. It is impossible in concept. The nearest approach to it in reality--the man who lives to serve others--is the slave. If physical slavery is repulsive, how much more repulsive is the concept of servility of the spirit？ The conquered slave has a vestige of honor. He has the merit of having resisted and of considering his condition evil. But the man who enslaves himself voluntarily in the name of love is the basest of creatures. He degrades the dignity of man and he degrades the conception of love. But this is the essence of altruism. "Men have been taught that the highest virtue is not to achieve, but to give. Yet one cannot give that which has not been created. Creation comes before distribution--or there will be nothing to distribute. The need of the creator comes before the need of any possible beneficiary. Yet we are taught to admire the second-hander who dispenses gifts he has not produced above the man who made the gifts possible. We praise an act of charity. We shrug at an act of achievement. "Men have been taught that their first concern is to relieve the suffering of others. But suffering is a disease. Should one come upon it, one tries to give relief and assistance. To make that the highest test of virtue is to make suffering the most important part of life. Then man must wish to see others suffer--in order that he may be virtuous. Such is the nature of altruism. The creator is not concerned with disease, but with life. Yet the work of the creators has eliminated one form of disease after another, in man’s body and spirit, and brought more relief from suffering than any altruist could ever conceive. "Men have been taught that it is a virtue to agree with others. But the creator is the man who disagrees. Men have been taught that it is a virtue to swim with the current. But the creator is the man who goes against the current. Men have been taught that it is a virtue to stand together. But the creator is the man who stands alone. "Men have been taught that the ego is the synonym of evil, and selflessness the ideal of virtue. But the creator is the egotist in the absolute sense, and the selfless man is the one who does not think, feel, judge, or act. These are functions of the self. "Here the basic reversal is most deadly. The issue has been perverted and man has been left no alternative--and no freedom. As poles of good and evil, he was offered two conceptions: egotism and altruism. Egotism was held to mean the sacrifice of others to self. Altruism--the sacrifice of self to others. This tied man irrevocably to other men and left him nothing but a choice of pain: his own pain borne for the sake of others or pain inflicted upon others for the sake of self. When it was added that man must find joy in self-immolation, the trap was closed. Man was forced to accept masochism as his ideal--under the threat that sadism was his only alternative. This was the greatest fraud ever perpetrated on mankind. "This was the device by which dependence and suffering were perpetuated as fundamentals of life. "The choice is not self-sacrifice or domination. The choice is independence or dependence. The code of the creator or the code of the second-hander. This is the basic issue. It rests upon the alternative of life or death. The code of the creator is built on the needs of the reasoning mind which allows man to survive. The code of the second-hander is built on the needs of a mind incapable of survival. All that which proceeds from man’s independent ego is good. All that which proceeds from man’s dependence upon men is evil. "The egotist in the absolute sense is not the man who sacrifices others. He is the man who stands above the need of using others in any manner. He does not function through them. He is not concerned with them in any primary matter. Not in his aim, not in his motive, not in his thinking, not in his desires, not in the source of his energy. He does not exist for any other man--and he asks no other man to exist for him. This is the only form of brotherhood and mutual respect possible between men."Degrees of ability vary, but the basic principle remains the same: the degree of a man’s independence, initiative and personal love for his work determines his talent as a worker and his worth as a man. Independence is the only gauge of human virtue and value. What a man is and makes of himself; not what he has or hasn’t done for others. There is no substitute for personal dignity. There is no standard of personal dignity except independence."In all proper relationships there is no sacrifice of anyone to anyone. An architect needs clients, but he does not subordinate his work to their wishes.They need him, but they do not order a house just to give him a commission. Men exchange their work by free, mutual consent to mutual advantage when their personal interests agree and they both desire the exchange. If they do not desire it, they are not forced to deal with each other. They seek further. This is the only possible form of relationship between equals. Anything else is a relation of slave to master, or victim to executioner."No work is ever done collectively, by a majority decision. Every creative job is achieved under the guidance of a single individual thought. An architect requires a great many men to erect his building. But he does not ask them to vote on his design. They work together by free agreement and each is free in his proper function. An architect uses steel, glass, concrete, produced by others.But the materials remain just so much steel, glass and concrete until he touches them. What he does with them is his individual product and his individual property. This is the only pattern for proper co-operation among men."The first right on earth is the right of the ego. Man’s first duty is to himself. His moral law is never to place his prime goal within the persons of others. His moral obligation is to do what he wishes, provided his wish does not depend primarily upon other men. This includes the whole sphere of his creative faculty, his thinking, his work. But it does not include the sphere of the gangster, the altruist and the dictator."A man thinks and works alone. A man cannot rob, exploit or rule--alone. Robbery, exploitation and ruling presuppose victims. They imply dependence. They are the province of the second-hander."Rulers of men are not egotists. They create nothing. They exist entirely through the persons of others. Their goal is in their subjects, in the activity of enslaving. They are as dependent as the beggar, the social worker and the bandit. The form of dependence does not matter."But men were taught to regard second-handers--tyrants, emperors, dictators--as exponents of egotism. By this fraud they were made to destroy the ego, themselves and others. The purpose of the fraud was to destroy the creators. Or to harness them. Which is a synonym."From the beginning of history, the two antagonists have stood face to face: the creator and the second-hander. When the first creator invented the wheel, thefirst second-hander responded. He invented altruism."The creator--denied, opposed, persecuted, exploited--went on, moved forward and carried all humanity along on his energy. The second-hander contributed nothing to the process except the impediments. The contest has another name: the individual against the collective."The ’common good’ of a collective--a race, a class, a state--was the claim and justification of every tyranny ever established over men. Every major horror of history was committed in the name of an altruistic motive. Has any act of selfishness ever equaled the carnage perpetrated by disciples of altruism？ Does the fault lie in men’s hypocrisy or in the nature of the principle？ The most dreadful butchers were the most sincere. They believed in the perfect society reached through the guillotine and the firing squad. Nobody questioned their right to murder since they were murdering for an altruistic purpose. It was accepted that man must be sacrificed for other men. Actors change, but the course of the tragedy remains the same. A humanitarian who starts with declarations of love for mankind and ends with a sea of blood. It goes on and will go on so long as men believe that an action is good if it is unselfish. That permits the altruist to act and forces his victims to bear it. The leaders of collectivist movements ask nothing for themselves. But observe the results. "The only good which men can do to one another and the only statement of their proper relationship is--Hands off! "Now observe the results of a society built on the principle of individualism. This, our country. The noblest country in the history of men. The country of greatest achievement, greatest prosperity, greatest freedom. This country was not based on selfless service, sacrifice, renunciation or any precept of altruism. It was based on a man’s right to the pursuit of happiness. His own happiness. Not anyone else’s. A private, personal, selfish motive. Look at the results. Look into your own conscience. "It is an ancient conflict. Men have come close to the truth, but it was destroyed each time and one civilization fell after another. Civilization is the progress toward a society of privacy. The savage’s whole existence is public, ruled by the laws of his tribe. Civilization is the process of setting man free from men. "Now, in our age, collectivism, the rule of the second-hander and second-rater, the ancient monster, has broken loose and is running amuck. It has brought men to a level of intellectual indecency never equaled on earth. It has reached a scale of horror without precedent. It has poisoned every mind. It has swallowed most of Europe. It is engulfing our country. "I am an architect. I know what is to come by the principle on which it is built. We are approaching a world in which I cannot permit myself to live. "Now you know why I dynamited Cortlandt. "I designed Cortlandt. I gave it to you. I destroyed it. "I destroyed it because I did not choose to let it exist. It was a double monster. In form and in implication. I had to blast both. The form was mutilated by two second-handers who assumed the right to improve upon that which they had not made and could not equal. They were permitted to do it by the general implication that the altruistic purpose of the building superseded all rights and that I had no claim to stand against it. "I agreed to design Cortlandt for the purpose of seeing it erected as I designed it and for no other reason. That was the price I set for my work. I was not paid. "I do not blame Peter Keating. He was helpless. He had a contract with his employers. It was ignored. He had a promise that the structure he offered would be built as designed. The promise was broken. The love of a man for the integrity of his work and his right to preserve it are now considered a vague intangible and an unessential. You have heard the prosecutor say that. Why was the building disfigured？ For no reason. Such acts never have any reason, unless it’s the vanity of some second-handers who feel they have a right to anyone’s property, spiritual or material. Who permitted them to do it？ No particular man among the dozens in authority. No one cared to permit it or to stop it. No one was responsible. No one can be held to account. Such is the nature of all collective action. "I did not receive the payment I asked. But the owners of Cortlandt got what they needed from me. They wanted a scheme devised to build a structure as cheaply as possible. They found no one else who could do it to their satisfaction. I could and did. They took the benefit of my work and made me contribute it as a gift. But I am not an altruist. I do not contribute gifts of this nature. "It is said that I have destroyed the home of the destitute. It is forgotten that but for me the destitute could not have had this particular home. Those who were concerned with the poor had to come to me, who have never been concerned, in order to help the poor. It is believed that the poverty of the future tenants gave them a right to my work. That their need constituted a claim on my life. That it was my duty to contribute anything demanded of me. This is the second-hander’s credo now swallowing the world. "I came here to say that I do not recognize anyone’s right to one minute of my life. Nor to any part of my energy. Nor to any achievement of mine. No matter who makes the claim, how large their number or how great their need. "I wished to come here and say that I am a man who does not exist for others. "It had to be said. The world is perishing from an orgy of self-sacrificing. "I wished to come here and say that the integrity of a man’s creative work is of greater importance than any charitable endeavor. Those of you who do not understand this are the men who’re destroying the world. "I wished to come here and state my terms. I do not care to exist on any others. "I recognize no obligations toward men except one: to respect their freedom and to take no part in a slave society. To my country, I wish to give the ten years which I will spend in jail if my country exists no longer. I will spend them in memory and in gratitude for what my country has been. It will be my act of loyalty, my refusal to live or work in what has taken its place. "My act of loyalty to every creator who ever lived and was made to suffer by the force responsible for the Cortlandt I dynamited. To every tortured hour of loneliness, denial, frustration, abuse he was made to spend--and to the battles he won. To every creator whose name is known--and to every creator who lived, struggled and perished unrecognized before he could achieve. To every creator who was destroyed in body or in spirit. To Henry Cameron. To Steven Mallory. To a man who doesn’t want to be named, but who is sitting in this courtroom and knows that I am speaking of him."

　　因影片完整再现了小说里的自辩，多给1颗星。

　　另，影片女主角也是奥黛丽·赫本《蒂凡尼的早餐》的女配角。