《莎士比亚悲剧读后感》
莎士比亚确实是位伟大的作家，在他的作品中悲喜剧皆有，可以说他的戏剧包含着十分深刻的含义。正如文艺复兴时期其他杰出的作家、艺术家一样，他的创作中充满了对人性的关怀，如诗人一样满怀激情的对白、如哲人一样深邃的思想，莎士比亚的四大悲剧正是其中的代表。
悲剧具有其独特的魅力，古希腊时代的剧作家，如索福克勒斯、埃斯库罗斯都是以悲剧扬名希腊。一部不朽的《俄底甫斯王》被后人研究了几千年也不能穷尽其中的奥妙，心理学、宗教学、文学都从这部剧作中得到了启发。莎士比亚的悲剧又是一个不可逾越的高峰，他完全可以和古希腊多产的作家相媲美。这些作品就像甘泉一样不可干涸，总能让我们思考生命乃至宇宙的意义。
我认为悲剧应该具备以下四个元素，无论是哪出悲剧，或多或少都可以找到这四种基本的元素。第一，理想和现实的冲突。第二，人性的缺点所造成的不可避免的悲剧。第三，对所谓命运的无可奈何。第四，悲剧人物理想人格的彻底破灭，通常以悲剧人物的死亡而告终。
《奥塞罗》中明显的悲剧元素就是奥塞罗性格的缺陷，只要是人总会有些嫉妒心的。可是这出戏中的悲剧并不是奥塞罗的性格作祟，也不能归罪于那个蛇蝎心肠的恶汗亚果（我甚至有点喜欢这个敢于剖析自己心理的阴谋家），在戏剧的刚开始我们就能感受到奥塞罗和玳丝德摩娜的爱情注定是个悲剧。玳丝德摩娜并不了解奥塞罗，她喜欢奥塞罗的理由很简单，她喜欢他讲述那些颇具传奇性的经历，一句话她只喜欢一个浪漫的理想。当亚果的妻子告诫玳丝德摩娜当心奥塞罗的妒忌的时候，她却说“我想他在出生地让阳光把这种气质（妒忌）都吸去了。”而奥塞罗有点明白自己的妻子为什么喜欢自己，或者说他对自己妻子的爱本来就不放心，在这种情况下他对玳丝德摩娜又爱又恨又怕。最终，亚果只是起了一个导火索的作用，将这种虚假的、毫无信任的、不牢固的爱情炸个粉碎，而真正具有爆炸力的火药却在奥塞罗和玳丝德摩娜的身上。由此看来这出悲剧倒有些主人公咎由自取的味道，可能是这种惩罚太重了——以男女主人公的死而结束，所以才有了很强的悲剧色彩。
《里亚王》的悲剧似乎在我们的生活中绝少见到，毕竟我们认为亲情是最温暖的也是最牢固的。可是我们要注意戏剧的背景一个充满谋求权力和财富的宫廷政治斗争，政治可以让一切变的肮脏，对触手可及的权力和财富的谋求可以让人变成魔鬼。西方有这样一个故事是讨论人性的，有一个善良的牧羊人，他绝对是一个正直的人，可是有一天他得到了一枚戒指，戴上它之后可以隐身。于是这个牧羊人可以做一些他以前不能做的事情，终于有一天他进入了王宫，勾引了王后并密谋杀死了国王，从此他和以前的自己判若两人，成了一个十足的暴君。我们可以想象如果他没有得到那枚充满魔力的戒指，他一定还是一位善良的人。叔本华说过，人每时每刻都是有作恶的想法的，这其实是有一定道理的，关键是人有时候没有作恶的能力而已。里亚王的悲剧的根源也许就在这里。日本导演黑泽明的力作《乱》就是根据《里亚王》改编的，故事的背景是日本的战国时代，这让我们感觉更加真实了，如果是太平盛世，毫无权力的寻常百姓中怎么可能发生这样的事呢？。其实我们翻一翻历史就会发现这样为权力而父子、兄弟相残的事情简直太多了。里亚王的悲剧就在于人性的沦落，莎士比亚在这部作品中也时刻反思着人性的本质。《里亚王》的结局是悲惨的，但是注意，我们只要稍稍改变一下结局，那么悲剧就能够马上变成喜剧。如果最后，里亚王的小女儿考黛丽亚活着，里亚王也没有死，那么这就是个皆大欢喜的结局，悲剧就能够成为喜剧。法国剧作家莫里哀的喜剧《伪君子》同样也可以很简单的转变成悲剧。结局可以这样设计，伪君子答尔丢夫很顺利的霸占了奥尔恭的财产，他的女儿玛丽亚娜也不得已嫁给答尔丢夫，玛丽亚娜的情人瓦赖尔刺杀答尔丢夫未遂而入狱，奥尔恭的妻子郁郁而逝，奥尔恭沦为乞丐。鲁迅先生说过“悲剧就是把美好的东西打碎给人看。”这是比较形象的说法但似乎也没有涉及到悲剧的根源。
《麦克白斯》颇似古希腊悲剧，其中很强调命运对人嘲弄。麦克白斯原本功成名就，可是他却相信三女巫的预言，最终预言一一应验，但是麦克白斯也身败名裂。这让我想起索福克勒斯的《俄底甫斯王》以及埃斯库罗斯的《阿伽门农王》，人的举动都受到神的干涉，当然其中也体现着主人公性格的缺陷。可是《俄底甫斯王》中几乎没有表现出俄底甫斯王的人格或者是性格带来必然的毁灭，可以说俄底甫斯是一个生性善良的人，当必然的命运来袭却无力逃避。也许悲剧的悲就体现在人的无辜和无助上，悲剧的美表现为主人公的抗争上，虽然看起来是徒劳的。
可以看到悲剧中必然会出现痛苦和死亡，人们喜欢悲剧正是由于每个人都是悲剧的主角，因为同悲剧一样，人的一生也要以死亡作为结局而谢幕。但是悲剧并不是悲观，我们的结局是不可避免的，但是在短暂的悲剧中却表达了一种不妥协的永恒的精神。因此，明知理想遥不可及我们还是执著追求，明知人无完人但还是要不断完善自我，明知命运无常可是一点也不畏惧，死亡是生命的终结，但不是生命存在的目标。

Summer vacation, I watched in Shakespeare's Hamlet in the 19th century, the Russian LinSiJi critics say Shakespeare plays for "the king of the poet," Hamlet "brilliant Shakespeare is a crown on most brilliant diamond". Hamlet is composed by five ACTS of tragedy. In the drama master several among tragedy Hamlet is the most complicated, is also the most rich philosophical. One such evil had started his father, mother, with the throne was assassinated incest and marriage, the prince of the murderer tried to pretend crazy revenge and basic plot. Very attracted me, yet very miserable.
Story happened in the 13th century the city of the al west Denmark. Danish king died suddenly in the garden when slumber. His brother claudius take the throne, and marry the princess as his wife, son of king before the death of Hamlet's father have doubts, depression, and all too sad. His friend's advice, midnight to appear in the castle was the father of spirits, and finally meet that father was claudius and mother conspiring to death. In order to obtain evidence, he invited a number of XiZi at the palace, the performance is very similar to a series of murder, father was killed by. A mother and uncle of Hamlet's reaction, then know the truth. Minister poirot nias had a daughter named the leia, she instrument, qingli purity, infatuation love Hamlet. But because the father of Hamlet, intentionally fails to revenge AoFeiLiYa very cold. Cunning claudius also aware of Hamlet, then cast honestly. Hamlet due, and hide in miscarry behind him and listen to the conversation AoFeiLiYa poirot nias stabbed to death, AoFeiLiYa suffer losing lovers and father's strike slipped into a breakdown, died. Poirot nias son hears from abroad, and came to his father sister revenge. Claudius call him with the sword, and Hamlet duel with poison first apply. On that day, the palace, metaphorizing whole hall. Intermittent, claudius that Hamlet drink has poisoned wine, the mother deeply conscience denounces, took a drink, son of die. Hamlet indignation, sword, was also hit by firing opponent darksaber stab. Suddenly toxicity. Hamlet spell sufficient strength to the final of heinous claudius stabbed to death, and father took revenge, oneself also fell.
Hamlet is constantly being people in various ways to various forms, and a film, film, from Hamlet compact drama, the climax, unceasing surprises, some tension will last until the story would ease. The variety of master works constantly give us a new interpretation and explanation for the accident, hatred, Shakespeare. Even some people still want, not too curious of times. Because, because the greatest of Shakespeare's drama writer and he is one of the greatest works, no matter from which Angle deduce can let a person on the classic again to the heart of every dialogue, dialogue about life is a new experience, this is the charm of Hamlet. Writers use their words DiHang moments that people this sword of cold and terror. Hatred, it is a double-edged sword picked up his much more sensible to defend themselves.