类比和对比两种论证方式有什么区别，在托福写作中又该如何正确使用t它们，下面一起来看看吧！

托福写作之论证逻辑-类比和对比论证

类比和对比是 英语写作 中非常常见的两种段落发展的论证手段，一般涉及到两个或若干个事物之间的比较。这两种 方法 有着很大的区别，类比(compare)重点强调两个事物的相同点，比如A和B的相同点是什么。而对比(contrast)重点强调两个事物的不同点。在托福写作中，经常会涉及到两件事情的比较，找到这两件事情各自的优点和缺点是什么，然后去衡量取舍。

一、段内类比可以用到的连接词

similarly, similar to, as, like, corresponding to, likewise, by the same token, the same is true of , in comparison, 等等。

我们来看一个段内类比的 范文 1：

Some of the funniest pieces of literature is actually very close to being tragic, and vice versa. By the same token, try to imagine the face of a clown: One half of his face laughs and the other half cries。

翻译：一些最滑稽的文学作品实际上很接近悲剧，反之亦然。同样地，想象一下小丑的脸庞：一半脸会大笑，另一半脸会大哭。这段文字类比的是：滑稽的文学作品的特点和小丑的脸的特征，都是悲喜交加。

我们来看一个段内类比的范文2：

Different pressures will distract people from their concentration. Employees who are exposed to the pressure from colleagues may hardly focus on their daily work. Similarly, students who have to cope with intense peer pressure may have a hard time concentrating on their academic subjects.

翻译：不同的压力会使人们无法专注于一件事情上。员工面对来自同事的压力，会很难专心工作。同样地，面对同龄同学的巨大压力，学生也很难专心学术学习。这个段落比较的是员工的压力和学生的压力都会导致他们无法专注一件事情。

二、段内对比可以用到的连接词

while, however, whereas, in contrast, on the contrary, rather than, instead of, conversely, In sharp contrast, unlike，nevertheless, in opposition to, otherwise, 等等

我们来看一个段内对比的范文1：

Taking a wide range of courses offers students more options for their leisure time. Past generations worked longer hours and their relatively short life expectancy did not afford as many people the possibility of a long retirement. In contrast, today a large number of college graduates can expect to enjoy several decades of recreational activities after they stop working. The interests that they develop through exploring various academic fields can be very helpful in making their retirement more enjoyable.

翻译：上很多门课程为学生的空闲时间提供更多的选择。过去的人们工作时间很长，而他们的寿命相对来说较短，所以退休后的空闲时间就较短。相反，如今，许多大学 毕业 生在退休之后可以享受好几十年的空闲时间来娱乐。他们通过学习多门课程所培养的兴趣对于他们退休之后来说很有意义。这段文字对比的是：上很多门课程对于过去的学生和现在学生的影响不同。对比来看，现在的学生学多门课程还是有很多好处的。

我们来看一个段内对比的范文2：

All of us have had – and will continue to have – difficult experiences and failures. It is up to us to learn from them. One person who loses a job may become depressed, then withdraw, and finally start to blame others for his/her problems. In sharp contrast, another person who does not make excuses for failures may try to identify his/her own weaknesses, choose to go back to school or go to a refresher course, switch to another career path that is better suited to his/her potential, or relocate to a more prosperous area. Even though these two people have had the same failure, they will end up getting vastly different results.

翻译：我们所有人都有艰难的经历，都经历过失败，并且以后还将要经历失败。我们要靠自己从中学习一些知识。一个失去工作的人会变得很消沉，然后就退缩，并把责任归咎于他人。形成明显对比的是，另一个人不去找任何借口，试着去找到自己的弱项，继续回到学校或去参加进修课程，并转到自己擅长或更有希望的工作领域当中。尽管这两个人都经历过失败，他们最后的结果却截然不同。这个段落对比的是两个人对待失败的态度和做法不一样，结果也不一样。

一般来说，托福独立写作当中的比较级题目和今夕对比题都可以用类比或对比论证来展开，当然也可以结合因果论证、举例论证等其他的论证方式。

托福写作模板：好同事的特征是什么?

We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of people, in your opinion ,what are some important characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)?Use reasons and specific example to explain why these characteristics are important.

We spend more time with our co-workers during a week than we do with our family, Thus, it’s important for our co-workers to be people we can get along with. I’ve worked in a lot of offices, and I've found there are certain characteristics that all good co-workers have in common.

A good co-worker is very cooperative, She does her best to get along with others.

She tries to keep her end of things flowing smoothly to help others in the office. She

realizes that if one person doesn't get her work done, it can hold up everyone else. She has a positive attitude that creates a pleasant working environment.

A good co-worker is adaptable. She is not stubborn about changes in schedules or routines, and doesn't object to having her job description revised. That can make life miserable for everyone around her. A good co-worker is willing to change her schedule to accommodate another worker's emergency, She has no problem with new procedures and welcomes changes when they come.

A good co-worker is helpful. She pitches in when someone falls behind in his or her work. She’s willing to do whatever it takes to get the job done. She doesn't keep track of how often she has to finish another's work or take on extra work. Some co-workers do their own job, period. They have no sense of office community. They only want to do their work, get paid and go home.

A good co-worker is a sympathetic listener, and never uses what she learns against people. she doesn’t gossip. A bad co-worker uses negative rumors to take advantage of others.

Being a good co-worker isn't too hard, but some people just can't seem to manage it. Wouldn’t it be a wonderful world if everyone could?

托福写作模板：你需要老师吗?

Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay.

Most of us can learn how to do something simple on our own with just a set of instructions. However, to learn about something more complex, it's always best to have a teacher.

Teachers bring with them varied and useful backgrounds. They've been trained to teach individuals in different ways depending on their style. For instance, omen students learn better by discussing a topic. Others learn more by writing about it. Teachers can help students learn in the way that's best of each student. A textbook or a manual can only give you one way of learning something. Plus they're only as helpful as your ability to understand them. A good teacher can adapt her teaching to your needs.

Teachers help you focus on what you're learning. If you're learning something by yourself, it’s easy to become distracted, and go on to other activities. Teachers keep your attention on the subject. They also approach a subject logically, taking it one step at a time. On your own, it's tempting to skip parts of the learning process you think you don’t need. That can binder your ability to really understand the subject.

Learning a subject on your own is a very narrow way of learning. You can only use the information you get from the textbook. With a teacher, you get the information in the written materials as well as the teacher's own knowledge of the topic. Teachers can also provide extra materials to broaden the scope of what you're learning.

There's nothing wrong with studying on your own, and a learner can always benefit from some quiet study. For the best possible learning, though, a good teacher is the biggest help you can have.

托福写作模板：大学生应该要统一上课吗?

Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.

Some people may believe that going to classes should be optional, but I disagree. I don't understand how university students can expect to learn anything if they don't attend classes. Personal experience can help people learn about themselves and the world outside the classroom, but when it comes to learning about academic subjects, students need to be in class.

In class they receive the benefit of the teacher's knowledge. The best teachers do more than just go over the material in than class textbook. They draw their students into discussion of the material. They present opposing points of view. They schedule guest speakers to come, give the students additional information, or show documentary films on the subject.

Also, attending classes on any subject teaches more than just facts. It teaches students how to learn, how to absorb information and then apply what they've learned to other situations. Their teacher is the best one to help them with these skills. They can't learn them just by reading the textbook.

Going to class also teaches students how to work with the other members of the class. Many times students will be given group assignments. This is different from what they did in secondary school. Here they're with people from different backgrounds and experiences. In this situation, they learn how to handle working with people different from themselves to achieve a common goal.

Going to class also teaches students responsibility and discipline. Having to be at a particular place at a particular time prepares them for getting a job. Being at a place on time with an assignment completed prepares them for a career.

In short, by going to class students learn more than just information from the teacher. They also learn how to learn, how to work with others, and how to work responsibly. These are not optional skills in life, so attending classes should not be optional in college.

托福写作之论证逻辑-类比和对比论证相关 文章 ：

★ 托福独立写作如何选择论点

★ 托福独立口语细节论证技巧

★ 托福写作高分必备策略

★ 托福写作思路如何合理把握?明确审题最关键

★ 托福独立写作经验大总

★ 托福写作模板思路:朋友学习问题求助

★ 托福写作20到27分,我是这样提分的

★ 托福独立写作需要什么样的思路

★ 托福写作模板思路:了解名人的政治观点

★ 托福写作模板:选择哪一类人合作更有效

托福阅读综合写作是托福考试中比较重要的一部分，我们需要好好备考这一部分。下面就来说说托福综合写作阅读技巧有哪些，一起来看看吧!
1.寻找关键句子和关键词
写作的一般逻辑可以概括为总分或分总。但托福作文阅读材料为四段式(第一段总起，后三段展开)。
第一段主要用于提供背景信息或提出主题。(注意：阅读和听力是同一个话题。但作者的立场或论点是在第一段的最后一句话，聪明的学生往往会注意到这一点。)
接下来的段落是作者的三个分论点，我们要在这几段里面找出关键词。
2.判断说话者的立场
听力部分的笔记非常重要，是决定综合写作能否成功完成的关键因素。没有受过训练或疏于练习的学生会不知道要记住什么。结果，他们往往会做一些自己看不懂的笔记，或者做的笔记太凌乱无用。
要知道我们此时应该牢记的仍然是西方的逻辑。总分表示说话者在听力开始时的立场和论点。根据我们以往的分析，阅读和听力通常是同一个主题。因此，在听力开始时不必急着记笔记，要冷静。
然后，和阅读一样，说话者会从三个方面来支持自己的观点。在很多情况下，这三点与阅读材料中的三点相对应。
但是，听力中的论点不能从阅读中推断出来，所以论点和论点要记下来，最应该记住的是关键词，不要不停地试图记住整个句子，这样阅读起来很困难。
3.收集一个好的写作模板
最后，我们也应该关心模板问题。在综合写作中要结合阅读和听力的思路，在准备阶段有一套好的模板就好比如虎添翼。
因此建议考生应该有自己独特的模板，通过单词的同义转换、句式的变化，来创造一套好的模板，而不是和别人一样的模板。

在OG的第207页详细分析了新托福独立写作部分的三个评分要求：Development（展开论点），Organization（文章结构）和Language Use（语言运用） 。所谓发展就是用事例、细节、理由等去支持论点，为了避免写车轱辘话，我们一般建议同学们采用解释的方法展开文章，即后面的内容是对前面的内容进行解释。段落发展推荐模式如下：Topic Sentence（用简洁的语言概括本段大意）+ Developing Ideas (对主题句进行细节解释) + Supporting Details （用具体事例进一步支持论点）+ Conclusion （结合主题句对事例加以总结）文章结构首先要求考生按照总-分-总的形式去安排文章，并且恰当的使用逻辑连接词将文章链接起来成为一个整体。一般来说，一篇高分作文应该做到一致性、发展性、层次性和连贯性。语言运用并不是一味的去追求难词复杂句，而是在保证表达正确表意清晰的基础上尽可能提升自己的表达水平。写作的语言运用一般从Lexical Resource和Grammatical Range and Accuracy两个方面去考察，这就要求我们在备考过程中积累多样的表达方式。高分范文以及新概念三册都是不错的语言积累材料。

劝你最好找个一对一的。新东方基础班虽然口碑好，但是人多老师不会照顾到每个人的。

新东方的托福基础班应该比较适合你这种高中学生，而且新东方的老师上课都很有趣味

实体的学校会存在校区不同，师资不同，教学质量不同等差异，易格.在线托福外教一对一还不错，试听一下

.

t:p:o:小站的Anthea很不错

想要在托福写作中取得高分还是需要在考前掌握一定的学习方法的。那么下面和来看看这篇托福综合写作如何拿到高分的文章，相信你一定会有所收获的。
1.词汇不仅是学英语的基础，也是写英语作文的基础。如果连最常用的词或词组都写错了，恐怕在英语写作这一块就很难取得好成绩了。
建议大家至少要掌握最基本的英语词汇，比如课本上常用的必备词汇(一般都有标注);也可以买本高频词汇来背诵。
2.很多专家或者培训机构都会总结一些英语写作的模板，虽然可能会千篇一律，但至少不会出错。可以学习几个比较好的作文模板，熟练掌握后一定能在写作中有所发挥。
3.坚持多种训练形式和多种文体写作。就形式而言，可采用回答问题的口语作文，或续写故事;可改写文章，或仿写文章;可写提纲训练文章布局，或写拓展训练发散思维。就文体而言，可写说明文、议论文、记叙文、书信、便签、告示等实用文。
4.应坚持写前指导，控制学生汉语思维，培养学生英语思维能力。在很大程度上，学习语言主要是模仿，而不是随意地表达。老师应加强作文引导，让学生模仿范文，从而熟悉其语篇结构。
在控制汉语思维的同时，尽可能地使学生习惯于英语思维，从而使学生更好地学习和掌握地道正确的英语。
5.提高听说能力，增强英语写作能力。听说读写这四种能力在英语中互相影响，互相促进，提高听说能力必然会促进写作水平的提高。
培养学生的听说能力，关键是要创造良好的英语环境。
老师应尽量用英语授课，多开展专门的听说训练，同时开展丰富多彩的课外英语活动，让学生沉浸在英语的海洋里去领略、体会、运用英语，久而久之，学生自然能够运用正确和地道的英语进行对话和写作。
6.多读多记笔记。日常生活中应广泛阅读英语书籍，可以是散文、小说、新闻报道，看到有什么新奇的词语，就及时记录下来，之后定时翻阅，多动笔练习，拳不离手，曲不离口，好文章不离烂笔头，写多了才会有感觉。
刚开始写英语文章还是有困难的，毕竟词汇量和句型储备有限，能用平实的语言把事情讲清楚就好了 。达到可叙述的水平后，再慢慢思考如何写出有文采的文章。
以上就是关于托福综合写作如何拿到高分的说明，希望对你们有所帮助。