① 开头常用短语

It's said that... 据说......

As we all know that... 我们都知道......

It's well known that... 众所周知.....

As/So far as I know... 据我所知

It is clear/obvious that..... …是显而易见的

②表"结构顺序”

first/firstly 第一

first of all 首先

to begin/start with 首先

in the first place首先

second/secondly 第二

next 其次；然后

and then于是；然后

meanwhile/at the same time同时

finally/eventually/at last/in the end 最终

③表"并列补充"

also/too/as well 也；同样;而且

both...and...和...…

either...or... 要么....... 要么.......

neither...nor... 既不...... 也不.......

not only...but also... 不但..….而且......

besides除此之外

moreover 另外;此外

in addition/additionally 加之;除.... 之外

by the way顺便；顺便说

what's more 更重要的是；而且；此外

what's worse 更糟的是

as well as... 也；又；和；及

④表"转折对比”

but 但是；而是

however 然而；不过

while 然而

instead 反而

otherwise/or else 否则;不然

on the contrary/in contrast 相反地

in any case/at any rate 无论如何

some...while others...

—些人..... 另一些人.....

on one hand...on the other hand...

—方面...... 另一方面

⑤表"因果关系”

because 因为

since 因为；既然

because of 因为

thanks to 多亏了

now that 既然；由于

for this reason 由于这个原因

so 因而;这样；如此

thus 因此

therefore 因此

as a result 结果；因此

so∕such...that...如此.................. 以至

in order to/so that... 为了…,

⑥表“举例说明"

like 像；如同

such as 例如；像……这样

for example/instance 例如；比如

⑦表"特别强调"

particularly 特别是

certainly/surely 当然

indeed 确实；的确 obviously 显而易见

no doubt/without any doubt 毫无疑问

⑧表"陈述事实/观点"

to be honest/to tell you the truth 说实话

actually/in fact/as a matter of fact 事实上

I think...依我看................

in my opinion 在我看来

as far as I know 据我所知

Γm afraid...我恐怕.................

I hope... 我希望……

⑨表“总结"

in a/one word 总而言之;简言之

in general —般而言;总的来说

in short/brief 简而言之；总之

all in all总的来说；大体而言

in summary总之；概括来说

by and large —般来说

to speak frankly 坦白地说

above all最重要；首先 after all 毕竟；终究

from the above 综上所述

in conclusion 总之,最后