英语沟通能力不可忽视的一部分就是书面交流，即英语写作。仅仅语法词汇使用正确是不够的，即使英语是母语的人也要通过学习和练习来提高写作能力，让文笔更加流畅优美，将意思表达得清楚明白。

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1 去掉累赘模糊的名词

英语中有一些名词是非常抽象的，没什么具体意思，比如 factor, area, situation, consideration, degree, case 等。有时这些词会让句子显得冗长，枯燥。去掉的话也不影响句子意思，还显得简洁很多。

原句: Strong reading skills are an important factor in students' success in college.

修改后: Strong reading skills are important for students’ success in college.

原句: His advisor is an expert in the area of sociolinguistics.

修改后: His advisor is an expert in sociolinguistics.

2 减少使用程度副词

程度副词用来表述动词，形容词或副词的强度或程度, 最常见的就是very。 这一类的词还有usually, really, basically, just, clearly 等。这些词被用得太多了，因为没有什么实质内容, 比较抽象，读者一般都略过去。应该尽量少用这类副词。

Mark Twain著名的写作窍门就是“Substitute 'damn' every time you're inclined to write 'very'; your editor will delete it and the writing will be just as it should be.”

很多时候，我们可以直接删去这些副词。比如：

Her brother was very convinced that she would not survive.

Clearly, he could not defend his position.

有时可以用更生动具体化的形容词或动词来表现出程度。

原句: He was very afraid when he saw the police.

修改后: He was terrified when he saw the police.

原句: Children moved very fast to scoop up candies.

修改后: Children scurried to scoop up candies.

3 减少使用There is/are

“There is” “there are” 是英语常用句式，但如果通篇经常使用的话会让文章显得枯燥乏味。这是一种相对无力，缺少活力的句式，有时可以被改写成更生动的句子。

原句: There are stink bugs in every room of my house.

修改后: Stink bugs have descended upon every room of my house.

原句: There are some students who seem to have a natural gift in writing.

修改后: Some students seem to be naturally gifted writers.

4 去掉重复性的词

我们写作时常会有意无意地写了没有必要的重复性的词，比如“free gift”, 礼物不就该是免费的吗？不然还叫礼物。这些多余的字应该从文章中删去。

原句: Every single person should love reading.

修改后: Every person should love reading.

原句: This new innovation will blow your mind.

修改后: This innovation will blow your mind.

类似的还有terrible tragedy, future plan, past memory, 等等。

5 加强句子/段落的连贯性

句子是段落的基本组成部分，而段落连起来才成为完整的文章。句子及段落之间的连贯性和逻辑性影响着文章的整体结构及效果。

首先要恰当使用关联词(transitional words/phrases)将句子或段落衔接起来，使句子清楚明白，段落间自然过度。常用的关联词有累加（如in addition, furthermore）, 类比（如similarly, likewise）， 转折（如but, on the contrary）, 总结（如in conclusion, in short）, 等。

另外，不要单纯依赖关联词，要让句子的排列合理自然， 确保内容上的逻辑衔接。逻辑混乱的文章。让读者摸不着头脑，读不懂，更别提喜欢读了。

看看下面的例子*：

原句: We arrived at the airport. We saw that our plane would be late. Robin took advantage of the delay to go to the newsstand. She looked for a paperback to read on the plane. I went directly to the gate. I realized I should have told Robin to buy me gum. Robin got to the gate. She told me she'd thought of it. She handed me a pack of gum. It was my favorite.

修改后: When we arrived at the airport, we saw that our plane would be late. Robin decided to take advantage of the delay to go to the newsstand and look for a good paperback to read on the plane, but I decided to go directly to the gate. It was then that I realized that I should have told Robin to buy me some gum. Fortunately, when Robin got to the gate, she told me that she'd thought of it herself. She handed me a pack of my favorite gum.

在修改后的段落里，原来看似单摆浮搁的事情被用一些关联词或暗示关联的词语/句式联系起来了，更有条理性。

* This example is from http://www.universalclass.com "How to Refine Sentences to Improve Your Writing"

除了上面介绍的几点，还有很多让写作更生动具体的方法，翻转英语君今后会陆续和大家分享。

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