记得前些时间有一个很受关注的网易公开课——Justice，这本书《公正》就是那个公开课的中文内容。
　　关于什么是公正，如何做到公正，开展了探讨。
　　读完这本书，让我对于公正的思考，有了更多的维度，虽然我还是不太清楚到底怎么样才能算是公正，或许重要的是追求公正的过程，而不在于达到公正本身。
　　正如Sandel教授，最后推崇的公正，是在道德维度上的发展，而道德上的追求，谁又能说清楚什么时候才是终点呢。
　　一味得追求最大幸福，由大多数统治小部分的“计划模式”，还有放任自由，崇尚完全个人的“自由模式”，显然是与我们心中的公正是有距离的，而这个距离，也许只能用道德来解释。
　　看来公正会是一个永远的话题。
　　
　　以下是当时做的一些笔记，只有前四章。
　　《公正》的笔记-第一章 做正当之事
　　这一章是类似的序章，题目说要做正当的事，却留下了一个悬念，什么是“正当”的事。首先在这一章里引出了福利，自由和道德（书里用德性，我觉得道德好懂些），三个维度，与之对应的有三种观念，福利的最大化，尊重自由，以及促进道德。
很多是否正当的事，便在这三种观念的基础上展开讨论。因为这三个维度之间并不是吻合的，有事甚至是矛盾的，于是，什么才是正当的，便成了公说公有理婆说婆有理。
那到底什么样的才是正当而又公正的呢？是不是，在一定的假设下，某个维度就可以变得公正，比如，在不伤害个体自由的前提下追求整体福利最大化？又比如在不伤风败德的前提下尊重个体自由？还是在这三个维度中存在一个平衡的交集，是公正的？
　　《公正》的笔记-第二章 最大幸福原则/功利主义
　　我觉得用效用主义比较好理解，最大化幸福，也就是最大化效用。
这一章主要介绍了以最大化幸福为公正基础的功利主义，代表人物是边沁。
要最大化，那必须要计算，要计算，那就要有定价，定价的范围则是一切，甚至包括生命。我不想对此进行评价，但有一些感受。
首先，是关于这种最大化方法本身。因为我专业工具就是建立最优化的模型，目标函数一般就是成本最小，利润最大，时间最短，还有效用最大。我更加怀疑这样做的意义了。因为在最大化（最小化可以理解为反向最大化），考虑的都是一个整体，对于个体的考量是那么的无视；此外，真的什么都能转化为统一的度量单位￥吗？
另外，我常自嘲一切有价，只要有合适的价格，我可以甚至把自己卖了。其实还是有一定的底线的，并不是真正的“一切”，还是有些东西是不能计量的。在我这儿，我称之为生活，一切出卖自己生活的事情，我都不会去做。
　　《公正》的笔记-第三章 我们拥有自身吗？/自由至上主义
　　这章将自由至上，认为绝对的拥有自身才是自由，才算公正。
自由至上，我理解为只要我不伤害别人，我的全部都是我的，谁也别来伤害我。不要让我交税，不要管我开车是不是系安全带，甚至不要管我要死还是要活。
看到这儿，我想到两个词，一个中文的叫“中庸”，一个英文的叫balance，我猜第五章以后会这么讲。
　　《公正》的笔记-第四章 雇佣帮助/市场与道德
　　这一章讲道德维度，但是没有直接讲。
为了说明我们在自由市场中所作出的选择到底可以有多自由，本章选择了两个例子——雇佣士兵和代孕。
最终引出有些德性和更高的善，是市场所不尊重的，金钱是不能购买的。

在我们谈公正之前，外国人早就在谈了。我最近恰好就看到一本这样的书，书名就叫《公正》，谈的也名副其实：从头到尾都是公正公正公正……原来，作者迈克尔.桑德尔教授是正宗的“公正”专家。这位专家在哈佛课堂上专门讲公正已经足足讲了三十年了，还在讲
关于公正，这位资深的专家这样写道：“要看一个社会是否公正，就要看它如何分配我们所看重的东西”。所看重的东西，可以是物质的，比如财富；也可以是非物质的，比如机会。但它们都是人人想要的稀缺之物。如果把这些人人想要的东西，分得皆大欢喜，让“每个人都能得到其所应得的”，那么，这就是公正。
我这个外行也觉得这是一个很好懂的定义，比党报说的“公正是合意”还好懂。但说起来容易做起来难，在如何“正当地”分配的问题上，人们简直绞尽了脑汁——据桑德尔教授告诉我们：人们迄今为止想出了三种“公正的”分配办法。
第一种是功利主义的；第二种是自由主义的。第三种没有确定的名称，也许可以叫做目的主义，或共同体主义。按桑教授的说法，这三种进路，各有侧重：功利主义关注效率，认为考虑了功利就得到了公正；自由主义讲究自由，觉得维护了自由就捍卫了公正；而目的主义强调美德，断言只有为了良善的目的才能算公正。
这三种进路哪一种最好？这位哈佛教授对终极答案没有兴趣，他的兴趣在于：关于公正，有多少伟大的头脑曾经思考过，这些伟大的头脑是如何思考的。等我把这本书读完，得到的启示是：没有一种分配方式是尽善尽美的——简言之，功利主义太功利了，自由主义太自由了，目的主义太目的了。如果实际走起来，每一条进路都不是康庄大道，都可能通向困境。举个例子吧：假设你是一个有轨电车的司机，驾驶的电车突然失控了，在轨道前方有五个工人，而在另一条岔道上只有一个工人。现在，你怎么办？你要为了大多数人的功利就应该拐弯进入岔道，撞死一个人总比撞死五个人要划算些；你要尊重自由你就只能眼看着电车往前开撞死五个人，因为你拐弯就意味着你在选择牺牲者，岔道上那个人的生命将被你有意地剥夺，对此显然他不会乐意（我们假设他并不想死）。
你看，公正写在纸上只是个软乎乎的辞藻，但一旦进入实际生活就是硬邦邦的困境，让你无所适从。之所以如此，是因为公正不是一个单纯的概念，它常常和自由、权利、美德……这些复杂的东西搅和在一起。

Harry Potter II is too successful,I think .because it's scary!A snack killed many students in Hougwarts.Harry and Ron only use a sword and a phoenix ,saved the Hougwarts. I like this book,because it can teach me many things,like brave,intelligence,faithfulness and frindship.And I hope the other books of Harry Potter series are also successful. 　　how wonderful the book is! harry is so brave and so on 　　Harry Potter II is too successful,I think .because it's scary!A snack killed many students in Hougwarts.Harry and Ron only use a sword and a phoenix ,saved the Hougwarts. I like this book,because it can teach me many things,like brave,intelligence,faithfulness and frindship.And I hope the other books of Harry Potter series are also successful. 　　中文： 在《哈利波特》这本书中，作者把我们想不到、做不到的事情变成了事实。以“哈利波特”为主人公，有巫师、精灵、鬼魂、怪兽、龙、邪恶、正义。从这几部书来看，可以体现出对朋友的友情、老师的尊敬、面对困难和邪恶永不退缩勇敢面对的精神。拥有了这些，他们就一次又一次的逃过难关。“哈利波特”这几部书讲述了他与他两个最好的朋友在霍格沃茨魔法学校发生的故事。在那里记载着他们一起战斗、一起共享快乐、一起分忧困扰的点点滴滴的事情。 一切都是那么的神奇！在那个魔法世界里住满了巫师，有老有少。猫头鹰当信差。杯子、帽子、信刊都自己开口说话。飞天扫帚是他们的交通工具，多的都可以和天上的鸟相比，骑着它可以快速飞行，不到几分钟就可以到达你想去的地方。西洋棋会听从主人的话，主人让它到哪它就会到哪。命令—g,自己就会挪动。画像里的人是活的，他们可以谈话、还可以跳出自己的像框到别的像框里。城堡里有许多的鬼魂，他们可以游动、可以谈话、可以挪动城堡里的任何东西、还可以穿透任何物体、有时还搞恶作剧（皮皮鬼）。还有许多都是那么的神奇！怪不得我们的哈利波特小魔法师会风靡整个魔法世界。 我最佩服的就是哈利波特和他的伙伴们（罗恩韦斯莱和赫敏格兰杰），他们面对邪恶和困难永不退缩的精神让我始终难忘。他们始终有一个信念:“我们要战胜一切，战胜邪恶，用我们学到、懂得、知道的魔法和常识来战胜我们的敌人，只要我们齐心协力，就可以战胜邪恶，正义永远战胜邪恶”。有了这个信念，他们总会胜利，因为邪恶总是斗不过正义的。 我也很佩服作者jk罗琳，她运用魔幻小说写出生动的“哈利波特”，又运用哈利波特的朋友、老师和这个魔法世界，让我们明白了许多道理。 让我感动得流泪的就是《哈利波特与混血王子》这本书。在这本书里才真正表露出了哈利波特与罗恩和赫敏的真实的友情。当他们在一起战胜了一切的难关时，又发生了一些事......最后哈利波特已决定他要去找他的姑妈一家人，接着再去找魂器。罗恩和赫敏知道以后，他们就决定陪同哈利波特一起战斗。从这段中我读出了真正的友谊，那就是“为了朋友、为了拯救这个魔法世界，不惜一切代价。”这才叫真正的友谊。 从《哈利波特与凤凰》这本书中我还得知了另一件事，那就是“爱”。在《哈利波特与魔法石》这本书中，讲到哈利波特头上的那个“伤疤”。在别人看来这个伤疤是救哈利波特的魔法，其实谁也没有想到这“伤疤”的奥秘。在《哈利波特与凤凰社》一书中讲到了哈利波特“伤疤”的原因。他的伤疤是由“爱”形成的。从而我也知道了“母爱”是伟大的. 一个棕色头发，在鼻梁上架着一副宽边大眼镜的男孩。他手持一根神奇的魔法棒，轻轻便能带你进入神奇的魔法世界，让你时刻都为他的神力所惊喜。他拥有一把神奇的扫把，骑上它，便可尽情的在空中飞行。他是谁?他便是神奇的小魔法师--哈利波特。 在《哈利波特》这本书中，虚幻的事物变成了真实。有巫师，有怪兽，有精灵，也有恶魔。他们分别代表着善与恶。而这个善良的男孩，哈利波特，是这个故事的主角。从整本书来看，作者是以这个小魔法师的神奇经历为线索，从而表现了孩子与孩子，学生与老师之间的真挚感情，还有的便是孩子们面对困难时坚持不退缩，机智斗恶，用他们有限的力量，一次又一次地逃过难关。而这本书最特别的地方就是记述了哈利波特，还有他的朋友，在这个神秘的魔法学校中的点点滴滴。 一切是那么神奇，在这个神秘的国度里，住满了巫师，有老有少，猫头鹰成为他们的信差，信刊：可以自己开口朗读，飞天扫帚是交通丁具，多的如天上的鸟一样。西洋棋会思考，主人叫它怎么走，便听从命令，命令一f，自动移入其位。画像的人是活的，会微笑，会眨眼，有空还会互相串串门。还有的一切，都是那么神奇。怪不得哈利波特可以成为风靡全球的小魔法师。我真有点佩服这本书的作者，竟有那么丰富的想象力!而在这本书5中，我最佩服的还是哈利波特和他的朋友面对恶势力的那种勇敢。他们始终都有这么一个信念：“这是一个不寻常的国度，危险时刻都存在，但只要相信自己，勇敢的去面对困难，甚至是恶魔，没有什么奸怕的，就算会陷于危及生命的困境，只要适当的使用在学校里所学到的魔法，一定可以胜利。”这是多么坚定的信念啊!每次一看到这种惊险的关头，都被他们这种坚定所感动，同时也为这群有神奇经历的孩子捏一把汗，毕竟，邪不胜正，那些邪恶的人最终还是不会有好下场的。 总之，这本书给我的感觉只能用一个词来形容--“神奇”。在这个世界的另一个角落里，有一个神奇的国度。在那里，有一个拥有不可思议力量的男孩--哈利波特。而我在阅读时，也随之掉入了一个魔法的时空 英文： in the "harry potter" book, the author of our surprise, surprise, failed to do a fact. with "harry potter" as the hero, there are witches, wizards, ghosts, monsters, dragons, evil, justice. from a few books, one can reflect on friendship, respect for teachers, in the face of difficulties and evil will never stand up to the spirit of the retreat. have these, they will once again escape the storm. "harry potter" this is several books about him and his o best friends in the hogwarts magic school in the story. where they recorded the battle with them, work together to share happiness, share those concerns with the troubled bit by bit things. everything is so magical! lived in that magical world of witches, there are the elderly. owl as a messenger. cups, hats, letters have published their own talk. flying broom is their means of transport, and more and the birds in the sky can be pared to riding a quick flight, less than a few minutes to reach the place where you want to go. chess will listen to the master, the master where it where it will. mand-g, will be moving their own. portraits where the person is alive, they can talk, you can also jump out of his frame to another frame inside. there are many ghost castle, they can swim, you can talk, can be anything moving castle, but also can perate any object, and sometimes engage in mischief (pipi ghosts). there are many been so magical! no wonder our little harry potter magic magician will be sweeping the whole world. i most admire is that harry potter and his partners (罗恩韦斯莱 and hermione granger), and the difficulties they face the evil spirit will never retreat i always fet. they always have a belief: "we want to overe all, defeating evil and learn to use our know how to know the magic and mon sense to defeat our enemies, as long as we work together, we can overe evil, and justice always prevail over evil." with this faith, they will always win, because evil is always no match for justice. i also admire the author jk rowling, and she used to write graphic novels fantasy "harry potter", but also the use of harry potter's friends, teachers, and the magic of the world, let us understand that a lot of reasons. let me moved to tears is the "harry potter and the half-blood prince" book. in this book really showed its intention to ron and hermione of harry potter and the true friendship. when they together overe all the difficulties, there was then something happened ...... the final harry potter has decided he wants to go to his aunt's family, then going to see a horcrux. ron and hermione know that after they decided to fight together, acpanied by harry potter. i have read from this in a real friendship, that is, "to a friend, in order to save the magical world, at all costs." now that's real friendship. from "harry potter and the order of the phoenix" this book i also learned another thing and that is "love." in the "harry potter and the sorcerer's stone" book, talked about harry potter head of that "scar." it seems that the scars of others to save harry potter's magic, in fact, no one would have thought that the "scars" of the mystery. in the "harry potter and the order of the phoenix," a book spoke of harry potter "scars" reasons. his scars from the "love" formed. and thus i also know that the "maternal love" is great. a brown hair, large glasses at the bridge of the nose 上架着一副 broad-brimmed boy. he was holding a magic magic wand, gently can take you into the magical world of magic, so you at all times for his divine power by surprise. he has a magic broom, ride it, and can enjoy flying in the air. who is he? that he is the little magic magician - harry potter. in the "harry potter" book, things bee a real fantasy. there is a shaman, there are monsters, there is the wizard, there are demons. they represent good and evil. and this good boy, harry potter is the protagonist of this story. from the view of the whole book, the author is a magical experience of this little magician for clues to the performance of a child with children, students, and teachers beeen the sincere feelings, there is the kids insisted on not flinch when confronted with difficulties , machine zhidou evil, with their limited resources, time and again escaped the storm. this book is the account of the most special place of harry potter, as well as his friends, in this mystical magic school in bit by bit. everything is so magical, in this mysterious country where lived a shaman, there are old, owl to be their messenger, the letter published: you can read his opening, flying broom is the traffic *** all tools, and more like birds in the sky, like . chess will be thinking, how to go call the owner, they obey an order an f, automatically moved into their place. portraits of people is a living, will *** ile, will blink of an eye, empty strings will be another door. there everything was so magical. no wonder harry potter can be a rage, a *** all wizard. i really admire the author of this book, as much so vivid imagination! 5 in this book, i most admired, or harry potter and his friends face the evil forces of the kind of courage. they always have such a belief: "this is an unusual country, and dangerous moment there, but if believe in yourself and brave to face the difficulties, and even the devil, there is no fear of rape, even if caught up in life-threatening predicament, as long as the proper use at school, learned magic, will be able to win. "this is how a firm belief in ah! each one to see such breathtaking moments, they have been touched by this firm, but also these are wonderful experiences for the children nieyibahan, after all, evil victorious is, those evil people who ultimately will not have a good end. in short, this book gave me the feeling can only use one word to describe - "magic." in another corner of this world, there is a magical country. there, a boy has incredible strength - harry potter. since i am reading has subsequently fall into a magical space-time 希望有用~

该剧以英国犯罪小说家阿加莎?克里斯蒂于1939年创作的小说为蓝本，故事一开始，10位素不相识的陌生人受邀来到英国德文郡沿海附近的一座孤岛。他们抵达后却发现那位神秘的主人并未出现。突然，客人们听到留声机里传来奇怪的声音，控诉他们身背的血债。接着，“杀人凶手”开始一个一个地被杀害……无人生还。 The plot seems simple, but it’s the darkest and most intense crime thriller you can expect. Trapped on the island by stormy seas, the “murderers” soon discover that their fates have been foretold by a creepy nursery rhyme. In the manor where they’re staying, the 10 jade statues on the dining table start to disappear as the island’s occupants are picked off one at a time. 故事情节似乎很简单，但它绝对是你能想到氛围最阴暗、节奏最紧凑的犯罪惊悚片。“杀人凶手们”被暴风雨困在孤岛上，他们很快发现一首令人毛骨悚然的童谣预言了所有人的命运。在他们入住的别墅里，餐桌上有10个翡翠雕像，岛上的客人每死一个，雕像就会消失一个。 It’s natural for the guests to feel anger and despair as they face their ineluctable deaths. Agatha Christie, true to her reputation as the “queen of crime”, vividly depicts their humanity and represents how people react differently under immense stress. 面对无法逃避的死亡，客人们自然会感到愤怒和绝望。阿加莎?克里斯蒂真是当之无愧的“侦探小说女王”，她用生动的笔触描绘出了人性，展现了人们在高度紧张状态下的不同反应。 Among the cast of characters is Vera Claythorne, an anxious, guilt-ridden woman who’s willing to kill the others to survive. Then there’s the ruthless, dissolute Philip Lombard, who seeks to cooperate with the other guests to find the real killer. One of Christie’s virtues is her ability to set the scene swiftly and introduce characters using only a few short sentences, mented Kathryn Harkup, a columnist for The Wall Street Journal. 在众多角色之中，维拉?克莱索恩是一个焦躁并有犯罪倾向的女人，她为了活命可以杀害别人。还有冷酷无情，风流成性的菲利普?隆巴德，他试图与其他客人联手找到幕后真凶。克里斯蒂的一大优点就是能快速设置情景，并且只需寥寥几句话就能引入新的人物，《华尔街日报》专栏作家凯瑟琳?哈卡普评论道。 The source of Christie’s enduring popularity lies in her ample research and planning, according to Harkup. Throughout her prolific career, the late author killed off hundreds of characters by bullets, daggers and poison. 哈卡普认为，克里斯蒂的人气之所以经久不衰是因为她做了充分的研究和计划。在她多产的职业生涯中，这位已故作家塑造了成百上千个被害者角色，作案工具包括使用子弹、匕首和毒药。 “Christie’s training as a pharmacist gave her invaluable knowledge of poisons and enabled huge variety and flexibility in her plots. No other crime writer has used so many poisons, so often and to such great effect,” Harkup wrote. 哈卡普写道：“克里斯蒂曾接受过药剂师培训，这段经历教给了她宝贵的毒药知识，让她能创作极其丰富和多变的故事情节。还没有其他犯罪小说家如此频繁地使用过这么多毒药，她的影响是空前的。” Sarah Phelps, the screenwriter of the BBC’s adaptation, believes that what makes the Christie’s novels timeless is their ability to touch on moral dilemmas. They are more than simple murder mysteries. 该剧编剧莎拉?菲尔普斯认为克里斯蒂的小说之所以成为永恒经典，因为它们涉及到道德两难的问题。这些小说远不止是谋杀疑案那么简单。 And Then There Were None, for example, makes you think about what it means to take a life, according to Phelps. “At what point does judgment stop being dispassionate and start being psychotic? Does anybody really deserve this? There is something else... the most forensic examination of guilt, transgression,” she told The Guardian. 菲尔普斯说，《无人生还》会让你思考杀一个人意味着什么。她告诉《卫报》：“从何时起，人们不再冷静地判断，而变得歇斯底里？每个人的结局都是他们应得的吗？一定还有别的隐情……找出真凶最有效的办法。” 　　chapter i summary: chapter i justice wargrave, a recently retired judge, is taking a train to the seaside town of sticklehaven, where he is to catch a boat to indian island. he recalls the rumors that have swirled around the island: since a mysterious mr. owen purchased the place, people have suggested that a film star or a member of the royal family really owns the island. wargrave takes a letter from his pocket and glances over its contents. the letter invites him to spend some time on the island and is signed by an old friend of his, constance culmington, whom he has not seen for eight years. he reflects that constance is exactly the kind of woman who would buy a place like indian island. on the same train, vera claythorne ponders her invitation to the island. she has been hired as a secretary by una nancy owen, apparently the wife of the island’s owner. vera reflects how lucky she is to get this job, especially after her involvement in a coroner’s inquest into someone’s death. she was cleared of all blame for the death, we learn, but hugo hamilton, the man she loved, thought her guilty. she thinks of the sea and of swimming after someone in particular, knowing she would not reach him in time to save him. she forces her mind away from those memories and glances at the man across from her, thinking he looks well traveled. ..............................

Robinson Crusoe" Du Hougan （鲁宾逊漂流记）
Reading the "Robinson Crusoe" I know when we are under any circumstances, should believe and respect for their wisdom and courage and the tenacity to overcome self-to overcome the difficulties.
This book's main character from childhood who was born in a wealthy family, for their interest in sailing at all to leave their parents, uprooted from their homes, began Chuyang adventure experience. This person's life experience is strange unheard of, and changes in Wanduan his life is unique. But the final text of the hero by virtue of its clever exceptional courage and wisdom to overcome all the world seems difficult to overcome the difficulties.
Jane Eyre — A Beautiful Soul（简爱）
Jane Eyre, is a poor but aspiring, small in body but huge in soul, obscure but self-respecting girl. After we close the covers of the book, after having a long journey of the spirit, Jane Eyre, a marvelous figure, has left us so much to recall and to think:
We remember her goodness: for someone who lost arms and blinded in eyes, for someone who despised her for her ordinariness, and even for someone who had hurt her deeply in the past.
We remember her pursuit of justice. It’s like a companion with the goodness. But still, a virtuous person should promote the goodness on one side and must check the badness on the other side.
We remember her self-respect and the clear situation on equality. In her opinion, everyone is the same at the God’s feet. Though there are differences in status、in property and also in appearance, but all the human being are equal in personality.
We also remember her striving for life, her toughness and her confidence…
When we think of this girl, what she gave us was not a pretty face or a transcendent temperament that make us admire deeply, but a huge charm of her personality.
Her story makes us thinking about life and we learn much from her experience, at least, that is a fresh new recognition of the real beauty.
Learn to love and care（雾都孤儿）
Here I am sitting on a couch alone, thinking about what I have just finished reading with tears of sadness filling my eyes and fire of indignation filling my heart, which revived my exhausted soul that has already been covered by the cruelty and the selfishness of the secular world for a long time. It is truly what I felt after reading Oliver Twist, written by the prominent British author Charles Dickens.
The resonance between me and the book makes me feel not only the kindness and the wickedness of all the characters in the novel, but what this aloof society lacks, and what I lack deep inside. These supreme resources I’m talking about right now are somewhat different from minerals, oil that we usually mention. They’re abstract like feelings, and some kinds of spiritual stimulation that all of us desire anxiously from one another —— love and care.
Those charitable figures whom Dickens created in the novel are really what we need in life. They showed love and care to others, just as the gentle rain from the sky fell upon the earth, which was carved into my heart deeply.
Mr. Brownlow is one such person.
The other day he had one of his elaborate watches stolen by two skilled teenage thieves, Artful Dodger and Charley Bates, and thought naturally it was Oliver, who was an orphan and forced to live with a gang of thieves, that had done it because he was the only one near by after the theft had taken place. Being wrathful, he caught Oliver, and sent him to the police station where the ill-tempered, unfair magistrates worked. Fortunately for him, Oliver was proved innocent by one onlooker afterwards. With sympathy, Mr. Brownlow took the injured, poor Oliver to his own home. There Oliver lived freely and gleefully for some months as if he were Mr. Brownlow’s own son. One day, however, Mr. Brownlow asked Oliver to return some books to the bookseller and to send some money for the new books that he had already collected. The thief Oliver once stayed with kidnapped him. After that he disappeared in Mr. Brownlow’s life. Searching for a while, Mr. Brownlow had to believe the fact that he had run away with his money. But dramatically, they came across each other again a few years later. Without hesitation, Mr. Brownlow took Oliver home for the second time not caring if he had done something evil.
Perhaps most of us would feel confused about Mr. Brownlow’s reaction. But as a matter of fact, this is just the lesson we should learn from him. Jesus said in the Bible. “Forgive not seven times, but seventy-times seven.” Why is that? Because forgiveness is our ability to remove negative thoughts and neutralize them so our energy may be spent on doing what we came here for. We cannot move forward in our future if past issues cloud our thinking. Stop put Mr. Brownlow into the list of your models. Always give people a second chance no matter what they might have done. That’s also a substantial part of loving and caring others.
Charles Dickens said:“Love makes the world go around.” These immortal words have inspired and will keep on inspiring us to chant the melody of love and to say the prayer of care forevermore. Let us, therefore, enjoy life and treat other people lovingly. These principles are the roots and foundations of beliefs supporting this article and our mission together.
Pride and Prejudice （傲慢与偏见）
Many people simply regard Pride and Prejudice as a love story, but in my opinion, this book is an illustration of the society at that time. She perfectly reflected the relation between money and marriage at her time and gave the people in her works vivid characters.
The characters have their own personalities. Mrs. Bennet is a woman who makes great efforts to marry off her daughters. Mr. Bingley is a friendly young man, but his friend, Mr. Darcy, is a very proud man who seems to always feel superior. Even the five daughters in Bennet family are very different. Jane is simple, innocent and never speaks evil of others. Elizabeth is a clever girl who always has her own opinion. Mary likes reading classic books. (Actually she is a pedant.) Kitty doesn’t have her own opinion but likes to follow her sister, Lydia. Lydia is a girl who follows exotic things, handsome man, and is somehow a little profligate. When I read the book, I can always find the same personalities in the society now. That is why I think this book is indeed the representative of the society in Britain in the 18th century.
The family of gentleman in the countryside is Jane Austen’s favourite topic. But this little topic can reflect big problems. It concludes the stratum situation and economic relationships in Britain in her century. You can find these from the very beginning of this book.
Austen left this problem for us to think. The genius of Jane Austen lies in this perfect simplicity, the simplicity that reflects big problems. Although Austen was only 21 when she wrote “Pride and Prejudice”, her sharp observation of social lives makes the style of this book surprisingly mature and lively. The plots in her works are always very natural. The development of the plot is as inevitable as a problem in mathematics. I think the depth of Pride and Prejudice is the reason that makes this book prominent and classic. Today, her book still can be the guide telling us the economic relationships both at her time and in modern time.
Leave Dead Man Island（亡灵岛）
Carol was once a happy and sunshiny girl. But after her father died in a plane crash, she became bad and took drugs. She had secrets in her heart and didn’t want others to know them. When Carol went to an island, she found the host had a bigger secret than hers: he had killed a girl in a car crash. So he needed an island to hide himself.
This is the story in Dead Man’s Island.
I think everybody has done something wrong and wants to keep the secrets in his or her heart. But do you know, even if we can escape from others’ eyes, we can’t escape from our own hearts.
I had been told a story like this: A woman felt ill and she went to see a doctor. The doctor examined her carefully and told the woman, ‘There is a tumor in your uterus. You’d better take an operation immediately.’ The woman agreed.
When the doctor cut open the woman’s abdomen, he got such a big surprise—there was a baby in the uterus, not a tumor. The doctor was sweating all over.
‘What to do? Take out the baby, or told the woman’s husband that it was just a tumor?’ ‘But … I am a doctor!’ He thought.
At last, the doctor sewed up the woman’s abdomen. When he told the woman’s husband the truth, the man didn’t move for a while. But then, the man jumped to the doctor, shouting at him. He was so angry and wanted to hit the doctor.
After the accident, a friend of the doctor’s asked him ‘Why did you do so? If you took out the baby, no one knows.’
‘But I know!’ said the doctor.
I have a very similar experience. That was a Monday, I was cleaning the classroom after school. John, my friend came up to me. He was looking for my maths teacher. But the teacher had been after work. So I told John to come again the next day. I said to myself, if I met the maths teacher, I would tell him that John had been looking for him.
When I was on my way home, I just looked at the ground, thinking about something. At that moment, my maths teacher came towards me and passed by. When I realized that, it was too late. The teacher had gone far away.
At night, when I was lying on the bed, my brain was full of the thing happened in the afternoon. The next day, John would find the maths teacher and not think about me, just as nothing happened. But I felt sorry for John. I wanted to do something for him, but I didn’t. Nobody knew what my idea was, but I knew.
Many things like the dead man on the island. After the crash, he made himself ‘dead’ and hid on the island. Maybe, he made others forget the crash, forget himself, but he couldn’t forget. He always felt remorseful and locked himself in his heart house.
What others think is not important, we should listen to ourselves.
I think every one may face sad things, like relatives’ death, missing the good high school, losing your best friends. Sometimes we feel cross and often ask ‘Why does the God do this to me?’
To let oneself feel better, we maybe do more wrong things. But happy and free time is transient. After that, we will have ourselves, hate life, hate everybody.
We want to forget, but can’t. more and more secrets are hidden in hearts. We close our window, and it is dark inside. Old days follow us forever, how we wanted the ‘man’ in the past can die. Nothing matters. Sadness is filled in our body. We live just like a dead man.
Escaping can do nothing. Beginning a new life is the most important, take sadness but live strongly.
When Carol left Dead Man island, I think she knew this all. The host influenced her. Don’t be remorseful any more, face new life, no hiding, no giving up the beautiful life, show the world a real self.
Leave Dead Man’s Island, let a bunch of sunshine get into your heart house.
Hamlet（哈姆雷特）
Shakspere (wrong spelling) created Hamlet--a man with wisdom and courage .In order to revenge on his uncle for killing his father, he pretented (spelling mistake) to be mad and suffered a series of misery. On the contrary, we can also say that Hamlet is rude and selfish for he did not think twice before his revenge . if (Capitalize "If" since it is the beginning word of the sentence.) a country has no king, how can a country keep alive (You need a question mark here since it is a question.) So, every thing has two sides, the bright side and adumbral side. Every time we make a decision we have to think twice.
Comment:
Be careful with your spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Too many uncessary mistakes.
It is good that you looked at both the dark and bright sides of Hamlet. Thats quite objective and convincing